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Knowledge, data and RAG

How does AI access your organisation's knowledge without retraining a model whenever information changes?

Knowledge, data and RAG

Business knowledge is usually spread across documents, wikis, databases and operational systems. The key questions are not merely whether AI can access it, but which source it may use in a given situation and how an answer is supported.

After this section, you can assess

  • how retrieval-augmented generation, or RAG, works at a high level

  • how standard, hybrid, multi-hop and GraphRAG differ

  • which sources are suitable for a knowledge assistant

  • why permissions, freshness and citations are essential

  • when search, RAG or a structured interface is the better tool

Questions you can ask afterwards

These questions connect a technical term to a concrete organisational decision.

  • Which sources are authoritative, current and approved for the audience?

  • Does the answer need a citation or an exact live value from a system?

  • Who owns content, permissions and quality in day-to-day operation?

Articles

What is retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)?

Retrieval-augmented generation is an approach in which an application first retrieves relevant content from approved sources and an LLM then answers using that context.

  • RAG combines information retrieval with text generation.
  • Business knowledge remains in its sources and can be updated continuously.
  • Good results depend as much on document quality, permissions and retrieval as on the model.
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What types of RAG are there – and when does each make sense?

There is no binding official list of RAG types. In practice, terms such as hybrid RAG, multi-hop RAG, GraphRAG and agentic RAG describe different properties of a system – which means they can be combined.

  • Standard RAG searches once for relevant passages and passes them to a language model.
  • Hybrid RAG usually combines semantic vector search with exact keyword search and additional ranking.
  • Multi-hop RAG connects several retrieval steps; GraphRAG exposes relationships and corpus-wide patterns.
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RAG, fine-tuning or a direct API: Which should you use?

RAG is suitable for current, source-based knowledge from documents. Fine-tuning is suitable for recurring tasks or consistent desired behaviour learned from strong examples. A direct API is appropriate when the application needs exact live values, structured records or transactions from a business system. Many enterprise solutions combine these approaches.

  • RAG retrieves relevant content and provides it to the model as context.
  • Fine-tuning adapts a model's behaviour using training examples.
  • APIs provide authoritative live data and enable controlled actions.
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What are embeddings and vector databases?

An embedding is a numerical representation of content in which semantically similar items are closer in vector space. A vector database stores these vectors with content and metadata and retrieves similar entries.

  • Embeddings represent meaning as sequences of numbers; they are not the readable original text.
  • Vector search finds passages with similar meaning even when they use different words.
  • A vector database replaces neither the original source nor permissions and freshness rules.
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Which business data is suitable for a knowledge assistant?

Suitable business data addresses a clear user need, has an identifiable authoritative owner, is sufficiently current and understandable, and has access rights that can be carried into the application technically.

  • Start with frequent, well-defined questions rather than the entire data estate.
  • Authoritative policies and maintained manuals are better sources than unreviewed shared folders.
  • Duplicates, outdated versions and missing ownership are not fixed by RAG.
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How do sources, permissions and freshness remain intact?

Sources, permissions and freshness remain intact when original identity and document metadata are carried through to every result, access is enforced before content reaches the model, and updates and deletions are synchronised into the index in a controlled way.

  • Every indexed passage needs a stable connection to its original source and version.
  • Permissions must apply during retrieval, not only when the answer is displayed.
  • Every source needs a defined maximum delay for access revocation that matches the sensitivity of its content.
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Documents, databases or live APIs: which source fits which task?

Documents and databases can be authoritative information sources. An API is usually the controlled access path to a responsible system or process. Documents suit explanatory knowledge, databases suit structured queries, and APIs suit controlled read or write operations.

  • Document RAG returns relevant passages and citations but does not guarantee live values.
  • Databases suit filtering, aggregation and consistent structured fields.
  • APIs encapsulate business logic, permissions and controlled operations but do not automatically guarantee live data.
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What happens when sources conflict, are outdated or are missing?

When sources conflict or are missing, the application should not invent its own truth. It checks priority and validity, exposes unresolved conflicts and directs the case to a responsible person or process when evidence is insufficient.

  • Sources need a domain-defined hierarchy and visible validity.
  • A higher similarity score does not make a passage more authoritative.
  • The system must distinguish no evidence from a merely weak match.
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How is an AI knowledge base maintained and evaluated over time?

An AI knowledge base stays reliable when source ownership, synchronisation, permissions, quality measurement, monitoring and error handling are organised as recurring operational responsibilities with clear owners.

  • Business teams own content and validity; technical teams own processing and availability.
  • Every source needs a defined update, failure and deletion process.
  • Retrieval and answer quality are monitored with stable test questions and real feedback.
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What is the Open Knowledge Format (OKF) – and when is it useful?

OKF organises organisational knowledge as a directory of Markdown files with YAML metadata. Each file describes a concept such as a metric, table, API or procedure; links and optional index files connect the concepts into a portable knowledge bundle.

  • A Knowledge Bundle is a self-contained directory of related knowledge documents.
  • A Concept is one Markdown file; only the type metadata field is required.
  • index.md supports progressive orientation, while ordinary Markdown links express relationships.
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